Gene Information
Gene NamePARK2
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Gene Length465
Protein NamesE3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (Parkin) (EC 2.3.2.31) (Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase) (Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2) (Parkinson disease protein 2)
Target NameNA
Target TypeNA
Gene AgeNA
Evolutionary StageNA
AlphaFoldDBO60260
Gene CardPRKN
Uniprot IDO60260
PfamPF00240; PF17976; PF17978
In ASDno
Allosteric PredictionNA
Ortholog in AnimalsNA
OhnologsNA
ParalogsNA
TissueNA
Tissue SpecificityHighly expressed in the brain including the substantia nigra (PubMed:9560156, PubMed:19501131). Expressed in heart, testis and skeletal muscle (PubMed:9560156). Expression is down-regulated or absent in tumor biopsies, and absent in the brain of PARK2 patients (PubMed:14614460, PubMed:12719539). Overexpression protects dopamine neurons from kainate-mediated apoptosis (PubMed:12628165). Found in serum (at protein level) (PubMed:19501131). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12628165, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12719539, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14614460, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19501131, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9560156}.
Pharmacological Animal ModelsNA
Gene Ontology
(biological process)
Gene Ontology
(cellular component)
Gene Ontology
(molecular function)
PDB 1IYF  (NMR  -  )  2JMO  (NMR  -  )  4BM9  (X-ray  2.25A  )  4I1F  (X-ray  1.58A  )  4I1H  (X-ray  2.00A  )  5C1Z  (X-ray  1.79A  )  5C23  (X-ray  2.37A  )  5C9V  (X-ray  2.35A  )  5N2W  (X-ray  2.68A  )  5N38  (X-ray  2.60A  )  5TR5  (NMR  -  )  6GLC  (X-ray  1.80A  )  6HUE  (X-ray  2.85A  )  6N13  (NMR  -  ) 
DBSNP rs532703934  rs147757966  rs148990138  rs368134308  rs137853059  rs55774500  rs566229879  rs1256316516  rs137853057  rs1801474  rs9456735  rs9456735  rs137853060  rs137853058  rs137853054  rs137853054  rs747427602  rs150562946  rs772622421  rs34424986  rs72480422  rs751037529  rs55961220  rs199657839  rs1554274880  rs1554274861  rs56092260  rs1801582  rs1801334  rs55830907  rs778125254  rs1554252200  rs191486604  rs397514694  rs149953814  rs778305273 
Subcellular location [CC]Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10319893, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16955485, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17846173, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18957282, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029340, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19229105, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19501131, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22082830, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23620051, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23933751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24898855}. Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16955485}. Endoplasmic reticulum {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19501131}. Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18957282, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029340, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19229105, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20889974, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22082830, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23620051, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23754282, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23933751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24898855}. Mitochondrion outer membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WVS6}. Cell projection, neuron projection {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12925569}. Postsynaptic density {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WVS6}. Presynapse {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WVS6}. Note=Mainly localizes in the cytosol (PubMed:19029340, PubMed:19229105). Co-localizes with SYT11 in neutrites (PubMed:12925569). Co-localizes with SNCAIP in brainstem Lewy bodies (PubMed:10319893, PubMed:11431533). Translocates to dysfunctional mitochondria that have lost the mitochondrial membrane potential;
recruitment to mitochondria is PINK1-dependent (PubMed:24898855, PubMed:18957282, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:23620051). Mitochondrial localization also gradually increases with cellular growth (PubMed:22082830). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10319893, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11431533, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12925569, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18957282, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19029340, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19229105, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19966284, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22082830, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23620051, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24898855}.
Mouse PG classificationNA
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