Gene Information
Gene NameAPP
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Gene Length770
Protein NamesAmyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) (ABPP) (APPI) (Alzheimer disease amyloid A4 protein homolog) (Alzheimer disease amyloid protein) (Amyloid precursor protein) (Amyloid-beta (A4) precursor protein) (Amyloid-beta A4 protein) (Cerebral vascular amyloid peptide) (CVAP) (PreA4) (Protease nexin-II) (PN-II) [Cleaved into: N-APP; Soluble APP-alpha (S-APP-alpha); Soluble APP-beta (S-APP-beta); C99 (Beta-secretase C-terminal fragment) (Beta-CTF); Amyloid-beta protein 42 (Abeta42) (Beta-APP42); Amyloid-beta protein 40 (Abeta40) (Beta-APP40); C83 (Alpha-secretase C-terminal fragment) (Alpha-CTF); P3(42); P3(40); C80; Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 59 (Amyloid intracellular domain 59) (AICD-59) (AID(59)) (Gamma-CTF(59)); Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 57 (Amyloid intracellular domain 57) (AICD-57) (AID(57)) (Gamma-CTF(57)); Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50 (Amyloid intracellular domain 50) (AICD-50) (AID(50)) (Gamma-CTF(50)); C31]
Target Nameamyloid beta a4 protein
Target TypeNA
Gene Age645 ( ENSG00000142192 )
Evolutionary StageEumetazoa
AlphaFoldDBP05067
Gene CardAPP
Uniprot IDP05067
PfamPF10515; PF12924; PF12925; PF02177; PF03494; PF00014
In ASDyes
Allosteric Predictionyes (1.911723243)
Ortholog in AnimalsAlpaca_ APP ( ortholog_one2one )
Dog_ APP ( ortholog_one2one )
GuineaPig_ APP ( ortholog_one2one )
Macaque_ APP ( ortholog_one2one )
Mouse_ App ( ortholog_one2one )
Pig_ APP ( ortholog_one2one )
Rat_ App ( ortholog_one2one )
Rabbit_ APP ( ortholog_one2one )
OhnologsAPLP2
ParalogsAPLP1, APLP2
TissueNA
Tissue SpecificityExpressed in the brain and in cerebrospinal fluid (at protein level) (PubMed:2649245). Expressed in all fetal tissues examined with highest levels in brain, kidney, heart and spleen. Weak expression in liver. In adult brain, highest expression found in the frontal lobe of the cortex and in the anterior perisylvian cortex-opercular gyri. Moderate expression in the cerebellar cortex, the posterior perisylvian cortex-opercular gyri and the temporal associated cortex. Weak expression found in the striate, extra-striate and motor cortices. Expressed in cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma. Isoform APP695 is the predominant form in neuronal tissue, isoform APP751 and isoform APP770 are widely expressed in non-neuronal cells. Isoform APP751 is the most abundant form in T-lymphocytes. Appican is expressed in astrocytes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12859342, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1406936, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2649245}.
Pharmacological Animal ModelsNULL(Chimpanzee);NULL(Mouse);0.031889(Rat);0.047123(Rabbit)
Gene Ontology
(biological process)
Gene Ontology
(cellular component)
Gene Ontology
(molecular function)
PDB 1AAP  (X-ray  1.50A  )  1AMB  (NMR  -  )  1AMC  (NMR  -  )  1AML  (NMR  -  )  1BA4  (NMR  -  )  1BA6  (NMR  -  )  1BJB  (NMR  -  )  1BJC  (NMR  -  )  1BRC  (X-ray  2.50A  )  1CA0  (X-ray  2.10A  )  1HZ3  (NMR  -  )  1IYT  (NMR  -  )  1MWP  (X-ray  1.80A  )  1OWT  (NMR  -  )  1QCM  (NMR  -  )  1QWP  (NMR  -  )  1QXC  (NMR  -  )  1QYT  (NMR  -  )  1TAW  (X-ray  1.80A  )  1TKN  (NMR  -  )  1X11  (X-ray  2.50A  )  1Z0Q  (NMR  -  )  1ZE7  (NMR  -  )  1ZE9  (NMR  -  )  1ZJD  (X-ray  2.60A  )  2BEG  (NMR  -  )  2BP4  (NMR  -  )  2FJZ  (X-ray  1.61A  )  2FK1  (X-ray  1.60A  )  2FK2  (X-ray  1.65A  )  2FK3  (X-ray  2.40A  )  2FKL  (X-ray  2.50A  )  2FMA  (X-ray  0.85A  )  2G47  (X-ray  2.10A  )  2IPU  (X-ray  1.65A  )  2LFM  (NMR  -  )  2LLM  (NMR  -  )  2LMN  (NMR  -  )  2LMO  (NMR  -  )  2LMP  (NMR  -  )  2LMQ  (NMR  -  )  2LNQ  (NMR  -  )  2LOH  (NMR  -  )  2LP1  (NMR  -  )  2LZ3  (NMR  -  )  2LZ4  (NMR  -  )  2M4J  (NMR  -  )  2M9R  (NMR  -  )  2M9S  (NMR  -  )  2MGT  (NMR  -  )  2MJ1  (NMR  -  )  2MPZ  (NMR  -  )  2MVX  (NMR  -  )  2MXU  (NMR  -  )  2NAO  (NMR  -  )  2OTK  (NMR  -  )  2R0W  (X-ray  2.50A  )  2WK3  (X-ray  2.59A  )  2Y29  (X-ray  2.30A  )  2Y2A  (X-ray  1.91A  )  2Y3J  (X-ray  1.99A  )  2Y3K  (X-ray  1.90A  )  2Y3L  (X-ray  2.10A  )  3AYU  (X-ray  2.00A  )  3BAE  (X-ray  1.59A  )  3BKJ  (X-ray  1.59A  )  3DXC  (X-ray  2.10A  )  3DXD  (X-ray  2.20A  )  3DXE  (X-ray  2.00A  )  3GCI  (X-ray  2.04A  )  3IFL  (X-ray  1.50A  )  3IFN  (X-ray  1.50A  )  3IFO  (X-ray  2.15A  )  3IFP  (X-ray  2.95A  )  3JQ5  (X-ray  2.03A  )  3JQL  (X-ray  1.20A  )  3JTI  (X-ray  1.80A  )  3KTM  (X-ray  2.70A  )  3L33  (X-ray  2.48A  )  3L81  (X-ray  1.60A  )  3MOQ  (X-ray  2.05A  )  3MXC  (X-ray  2.00A  )  3MXY  (X-ray  2.30A  )  3NYJ  (X-ray  3.20A  )  3NYL  (X-ray  2.80A  )  3OVJ  (X-ray  1.80A  )  3OW9  (X-ray  1.80A  )  3PZZ  (X-ray  1.29A  )  3Q2X  (X-ray  1.45A  )  3SV1  (X-ray  3.30A  )  3U0T  (X-ray  2.50A  )  3UMH  (X-ray  2.00A  )  3UMI  (X-ray  2.40A  )  3UMK  (X-ray  2.60A  )  4HIX  (X-ray  2.20A  )  4JFN  (X-ray  1.75A  )  4M1C  (X-ray  3.50A  )  4MDR  (X-ray  1.85A  )  4MVI  (X-ray  1.70A  )  4MVK  (X-ray  1.50A  )  4MVL  (X-ray  2.30A  )  4NGE  (X-ray  2.70A  )  4OJF  (X-ray  2.00A  )  4ONF  (X-ray  2.00A  )  4ONG  (X-ray  2.20A  )  4PQD  (X-ray  1.33A  )  4PWQ  (X-ray  1.40A  )  4XXD  (X-ray  2.41A  )  5AEF  (EM  5.00A  )  5AM8  (X-ray  1.90A  )  5AMB  (X-ray  1.55A  )  5BUO  (X-ray  2.31A  )  5C67  (X-ray  1.83A  )  5CSZ  (X-ray  1.80A  )  5HOW  (X-ray  2.29A  )  5HOX  (X-ray  1.90A  )  5HOY  (X-ray  2.29A  )  5KK3  (NMR  -  )  5LFY  (NMR  -  )  5LV0  (X-ray  2.70A  )  5MY4  (X-ray  2.21A  )  5MYO  (X-ray  1.59A  )  5MYX  (X-ray  1.49A  )  5ONP  (X-ray  1.34A  )  5ONQ  (X-ray  1.17A  )  5OQV  (EM  4.00A  )  5TXD  (X-ray  1.45A  )  5VOS  (EM  1.42A  )  5VZY  (X-ray  2.32A  )  5W3P  (X-ray  1.92A  )  6CO3  (X-ray  2.38A  )  6GFI  (X-ray  2.30A  )  6ITU  (X-ray  2.17A  )  6IYC  (EM  2.60A  )  6NB9  (EM  1.05A  )  6O4J  (EM  1.40A  )  6OC9  (NMR  -  )  6OIZ  (EM  1.10A  )  6RHY  (NMR  -  )  6SHS  (EM  4.40A  )  6SZF  (NMR  -  )  6TI5  (NMR  -  )  6TI6  (NMR  -  )  6TI7  (NMR  -  )  6W0O  (Other  2.77A  )  6WXM  (X-ray  2.30A  )  6XOV  (EM  3.30A  )  6YHF  (NMR  -  )  6YHI  (NMR  -  )  6YHO  (NMR  -  )  6YHP  (NMR  -  )  6YHX  (NMR  -  )  7B3J  (NMR  -  )  7B3K  (NMR  -  )  7E6P  (X-ray  2.50A  )  7JXN  (X-ray  2.00A  )  7JXO  (X-ray  2.81A  )  7O1Q  (EM  3.40A  )  7OW1  (X-ray  1.40A  )  7OXN  (X-ray  2.50A  )  7Q4B  (EM  2.50A  )  7Q4M  (EM  2.80A  )  7RTZ  (X-ray  2.10A  ) 
DBSNP rs45588932  rs63750363  rs281865161  rs63750064  rs63750671  rs63751039  rs63750579  rs63750579  rs63749810  rs63750921  rs63750066  rs1800557  rs63750643  rs63750973  rs63750734  rs63750399  rs63750264  rs63749964  rs63750264  rs63750264  rs63751122 
Subcellular location [CC]Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10383380, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20580937, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2649245, ECO:0000305|PubMed:25122912};
Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30630874, ECO:0000305|PubMed:10383380, ECO:0000305|PubMed:25122912}. Membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2900137, ECO:0000305|PubMed:22584060};
Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2900137, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30630874, ECO:0000305|PubMed:22584060}. Perikaryon {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10341243}. Cell projection, growth cone {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10341243}. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20580937}. Early endosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20580937}. Cytoplasmic vesicle {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20580937, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25122912}. Note=Cell surface protein that rapidly becomes internalized via clathrin-coated pits. Only a minor proportion is present at the cell membrane;
most of the protein is present in intracellular vesicles (PubMed:20580937). During maturation, the immature APP (N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum) moves to the Golgi complex where complete maturation occurs (O-glycosylated and sulfated). After alpha-secretase cleavage, soluble APP is released into the extracellular space and the C-terminal is internalized to endosomes and lysosomes. Some APP accumulates in secretory transport vesicles leaving the late Golgi compartment and returns to the cell surface. APP sorts to the basolateral surface in epithelial cells. During neuronal differentiation, the Thr-743 phosphorylated form is located mainly in growth cones, moderately in neurites and sparingly in the cell body (PubMed:10341243). Casein kinase phosphorylation can occur either at the cell surface or within a post-Golgi compartment. Associates with GPC1 in perinuclear compartments. Colocalizes with SORL1 in a vesicular pattern in cytoplasm and perinuclear regions. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10341243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20580937}.;
[C83]: Endoplasmic reticulum {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14527950}. Golgi apparatus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14527950}. Early endosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14527950}.;
[C99]: Early endosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14527950}.;
[Soluble APP-beta]: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10656250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2649245}.;
[Amyloid-beta protein 40]: Cell surface {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16154999}.;
[Amyloid-beta protein 42]: Cell surface {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11689470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16154999}. Note=Associates with FPR2 at the cell surface and the complex is then rapidly internalized. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11689470}.;
[Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 59]: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11544248}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11544248}. Note=Located to both the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons. It can be translocated to the nucleus through association with APBB1 (Fe65) (PubMed:11544248). In dopaminergic neurons, the phosphorylated Thr-743 form is localized to the nucleus (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P12023, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11544248}.
Mouse PG classificationHPG
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